Allergy Season in Columbia: What ENT Specialists Want You to Know

Medically reviewed by Dr. William Wells — September 27, 2026.

Imagine waking up with persistent and frustrating allergy symptoms such as frequent sneezing, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing through the nose, itchy or watery eyes, and postnasal drip. These symptoms can affect more than comfort—they may also interfere with daily activities, productivity, and sleep quality.

South Carolina is known for its beautiful landscapes, warm weather, and diverse plant life. However, those same environmental qualities can create a challenging allergy season. Columbia, SC, ranked 27th on the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America’s 2026 Allergy Capitals® list.

This guide from Columbia Breathe Free can help patients in Lexington, Columbia, and surrounding Midlands communities understand what may be triggering their symptoms and which management and treatment options may be appropriate.

Seasonal Allergies in Columbia, SC: Causes and Symptoms

Seasonal allergies, also called allergic rhinitis or hay fever, occur when the immune system reacts to pollen released by certain trees, grasses, and weeds.

Because different plants release pollen at different times, symptoms may appear during one season, several seasons, or much of the year. The timing and severity of symptoms depend on a person’s specific allergy triggers, exposure levels, and individual immune response.

What are the common symptoms of seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergy symptoms vary among individuals. Common symptoms may include:

• Nasal congestion or difficulty breathing through the nose
• Frequent sneezing
• Postnasal drip
• A runny nose with thin, clear drainage
• Itchy, watery, or red eyes
• Itching of the nose, throat, or roof of the mouth
• Coughing
• Disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue

These symptoms do not always mean that allergies are the cause. Viral illnesses, chronic rhinitis, sinus inflammation, and structural nasal concerns can produce similar symptoms. An evaluation can help determine whether allergy testing may be appropriate.

When Is Allergy Season in Columbia and Lexington, SC?

Lexington, Columbia, and the rest of South Carolina have a relatively mild climate and diverse plant life. As a result, some environmental allergens may remain present throughout much of the year.

Spring

Spring is commonly associated with tree pollen. Oak, pine, cedar, and other trees may trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals across South Carolina.

Summer

Grass pollen levels may rise during the summer. Bermuda grass, ryegrass, and other grasses can contribute to symptoms. Mold spores may also become more prevalent in warm, humid conditions.

Fall

Ragweed is a common fall allergy trigger in South Carolina. Mold exposure may also continue as fallen leaves and other organic materials collect moisture and begin to decompose.

Winter

Outdoor pollen levels may decrease during colder periods as many plants become less active. However, indoor allergens—including dust mites, mold, and animal dander—may continue to cause symptoms, particularly when people spend more time indoors.

How to Manage Seasonal Allergies in Lexington and Columbia, SC

A seasonal allergy management plan may include reducing exposure to known triggers, using appropriate medications, and considering allergy testing or immunotherapy when symptoms persist.

Limit exposure to potential allergens and irritants

It may not be possible to avoid every allergen, but the following steps can help reduce exposure:

• Monitor daily pollen and mold forecasts and plan outdoor activities accordingly.
• Keep doors and windows closed when pollen levels are elevated.
• Consider scheduling outdoor activities for times when local pollen counts are lower.
• Wear appropriate protective gear when mowing, gardening, or performing yardwork.
• Use a properly maintained HVAC filter and consider a HEPA-filter vacuum or portable air cleaner.
• Change clothes and shower after spending extended time outdoors.
• Wash bedding regularly and take steps to limit dust mite exposure.
• Address indoor moisture concerns that may encourage mold growth.

The most helpful strategies vary depending on the allergen and the patient’s living and working environments.

Ask about over-the-counter allergy medications

Some patients may benefit from over-the-counter medications such as:

• Antihistamines
• Saline nasal sprays or rinses
• Certain corticosteroid nasal sprays
• Eye drops
• Decongestants for limited use when medically appropriate

Not every medication is appropriate for every patient. Some decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal sprays may interact with medications or affect certain health conditions. Ask a healthcare provider or pharmacist which options may be appropriate and how long they can be used safely.

Consider allergy testing when symptoms persist

When symptoms remain difficult to control, allergy testing may help identify environmental allergens to which a patient has become sensitized.

A positive test does not automatically mean that a particular allergen is causing symptoms. Results should be interpreted alongside the patient’s symptoms, medical history, exposure patterns, and clinical findings.

Testing results can help guide practical avoidance measures and allow the clinical team to determine whether medication, immunotherapy, or another treatment approach may be appropriate.

Allergy Shots at Columbia Breathe Free

For patients whose symptoms are not adequately managed through allergen avoidance and medication, Columbia Breathe Free may recommend allergy shots as the primary form of allergy immunotherapy when appropriate.

Allergy shots, also called subcutaneous immunotherapy or SCIT, involve administering gradually adjusted amounts of clinically relevant allergens under the skin. Treatment typically includes a buildup phase followed by a maintenance phase. The schedule and duration vary based on the patient’s response and individualized treatment plan.

The goal is to gradually reduce the immune system’s sensitivity to specific allergens. Improvements are not immediate, and individual responses vary. Some patients may experience reduced allergy symptoms or require less medication over time, while others may experience different results.

Allergy shots may be considered based on factors such as:

• Confirmed allergy testing results
• The connection between identified allergens and reported symptoms
• Symptom frequency and severity
• Response to medications and avoidance measures
• Other health conditions
• Ability to follow the recommended injection and monitoring schedule
• Personal preferences and treatment goals

Because allergy shots are administered in a clinical setting, patients can be monitored for reactions after each injection. Local redness, itching, or swelling may occur. More significant systemic reactions are uncommon but possible, which is why patients receive shots and complete the recommended observation period in the office.

A Columbia Breathe Free provider can evaluate whether allergy shots are appropriate and develop a treatment plan based on the patient’s allergy profile, health history, and clinical needs.

Are Allergy Drops Another Option?

Allergy drops, also called sublingual immunotherapy or SLIT, may be discussed as another immunotherapy option for certain patients.

Instead of receiving injections, patients place prescribed allergen extracts under the tongue according to a provider-directed schedule. Drops may be considered for individuals who are needle-averse, have difficulty maintaining an injection schedule, or have other patient-specific reasons for considering a sublingual approach.

However, drops are not automatically the best option for every patient. The decision between allergy shots, drops, medication, and other management strategies should be based on:

• Testing results
• Clinically relevant triggers
• Symptom severity
• Medical history
• Treatment response
• Safety considerations
• Lifestyle and scheduling needs
• Patient preferences

In the United States, the FDA has approved certain sublingual immunotherapy tablets for specific allergens. Custom-compounded sublingual allergy drops are not FDA-approved, although licensed healthcare providers may prescribe them off-label when clinically appropriate.

An evaluation with the Columbia Breathe Free team can help patients understand the differences between allergy shots and drops and determine which approach, if either, fits their individual needs.

Frequently Asked Questions About Allergy Treatment

Are allergy shots appropriate for everyone?

No. Allergy shots may be appropriate for some patients with confirmed, clinically relevant environmental allergies, but they are not recommended for everyone. A provider should review the patient’s test results, symptoms, medications, health history, and ability to follow the treatment schedule before making a recommendation.

How quickly do allergy shots work?

Allergy shots do not provide immediate symptom relief. Some patients may begin noticing improvement during treatment, but the timeline and degree of improvement vary. Patients should continue following their provider’s recommendations for symptom management.

Are allergy shots better than allergy drops?

Neither option is universally better. Columbia Breathe Free primarily uses allergy shots when immunotherapy is appropriate, based on how the practice treats its allergy patients. Drops may still be considered as another option for select individuals. The appropriate approach depends on the patient’s testing results, symptoms, medical history, preferences, and treatment goals.

Can seasonal allergies contribute to sinus problems?

Allergic inflammation can contribute to nasal swelling and congestion. In some patients, this may interfere with normal sinus drainage or worsen existing sinus symptoms. However, recurring sinus problems may have several potential causes, so an ENT evaluation may be helpful.

Learn More About Your Allergy Triggers and Treatment Options

Columbia Breathe Free provides allergy and ENT care for patients in Lexington, Columbia, Irmo, West Columbia, and surrounding Midlands communities.

The team offers allergy evaluations, testing, and individualized treatment planning. When immunotherapy is appropriate, allergy shots may be recommended based on the patient’s allergy profile, symptoms, medical history, and clinical findings. Allergy drops may also be discussed as another option for select patients.

If persistent allergy symptoms are affecting your comfort, sleep, or daily activities, contact Columbia Breathe Free to schedule an evaluation and learn which next steps may be appropriate.